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created: 2025-10-27T09:17:57.483Z
---# TCP/IP model

**URL:** [https://foldoc.org/TCP/IP](https://foldoc.org/TCP/IP)

TCP/IP model Application layer. The application layer is where data originates on the sender’s side. Applications are used to create the data. A web browser, for example, is used to generate the data that gets sent through the rest of the layers, assisted by the Domain Name System (DNS), which associates web domain names with their Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. Transport layer. In the transport layer, the data gets encoded so it can be transported through the internet using either the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) or TCP. Network access layer. In the network access layer, the data gets a header and a trailer, and these tell the data where to go. This information is then conveyed to the network interface layer. Network interface layer. At the network interface layer, the packet of data gets formatted and prepared to be transported and routed through the network. Hardware layer. On the hardware layer, the data is turned into something that can be sent to and read by a computer or other device. For example, the IEEE 802.3 protocol is used to convert data into what is used in an Ethernet connection.


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**Keywords:** mine
